Night John Essay free essay sample

The narrator of this story is Sarny and she’s twelve years old. 2. This story is told in first person. 3. Clel Waller is Sarny’s owner. 4. Sarny doesn’t care or really respect Waller because when he isn’t around she calls him dog droppings and many other names. 5. Sarny is not dumb and how I know this is because she’s just quiet and listens to learn new things and if she were to be dumb she wouldn’t learn anything. 6. Sarny’s mother is not around because she was sold when Sarny was four years old and old Delie raised Sarny. . The work that Sarny does on the plantation is working around the quarters, cleaning the yard, gathering eggs, and helping old Delie with the young ones. 8. What Sarny does at night is she gets on a pallet in the back of the long log house and thinks. Chapter II 1. Sarny’s job in the flower garden was to work on the roses and her job allows her to chew on tobacco leaves to kill bugs. 2. Clel Waller paid one thousand dollars when he bought Nightjohn and this tells me that Nightjohn is worth money. 3. a. Sarny’s mammy prayed in the kettle. b. Sarny’s mammy prayed inside the kettle because they didn’t let pray so had to whisper in it. c. Sarny’s mammy prayed to be free. Chapter III 1. Nightjohn was brought in to the plantation with a rope to his neck. 2. The condition Nightjohn was in when brought to the plantation was bad. 3. The meals in the plantation were buttermilk down the trough, cornbread, and sometimes pieces of pork fat twice a day so the meals weren’t as good. 4. What Nightjohn did the first night on the plantation was teach Sarny the first letter of the alphabet and this tells me he is a genuine guy. 5. What Nightjohn tells Sarny about why reading is not allowed for slaves is that if white folks find out she is going to be in more trouble than she needs. Chapter IV 1a. Alice was someone used for breeding on the Waller plantation. 1b. The first time that Alice tried to run away she was brought back and got whipped in front of all the slaves. 1c. The next time she tried to escape she got caught and killed by dogs. 2a. Jim was a slave in the Waller plantation. 2b. What happened to Jim when he tried to run away was get caught because he hid in a tree and the tree wasn’t high enough to escape the dogs and got killed by the dogs. a. Pawley was a slave in Clel’s plantation that fell in love with a girl in another plantation. 3b. What happened to Pawley was that he got caught coming back from another planation visiting a girl and Waller cut his heels and bled to death 4. Sarny thinks it’s brave and stupid at the same time to escape because it would be a miracle if slave s actually made it, but they always get caught. 5. Sarny does still continue to learn letters from Nightjohn and what that tells me about her character is that she sticks in what she believes in. 6a. The reason why Mammy reacts the way she did when she catches Nightjohn teaching Sarny is because she could be in big trouble if the white folks find out and she has to protect Sarny from any harm. 6b. Mammy’s attitude changes from being overprotective to being calm and understanding after Nightjohn explains his reason for teaching her. 7a. Nightjohn got scars in his back before he escaped a plantation. 7b. Nightjohn returned after escaping because he came back to teach slave children how to read and write. 7c. He wants to teach slave children to read and write because he wants them to have something to hold on to and to be brave. Chapter V 1. What Sarny is learning in her lessons with Nightjohn is how to read and write. 2a. Sarny was writing in the dirt. 2b. Sarny tells Waller that he deserves to go to hell. 2c. Waller kicks Sarny in the stomach. 2d. The conflict for Sarny is external because it is between her and Waller. 2e. Mammy was punished and her punishment was getting shackled to the wall. 2f. Nightjohn confessed to teaching Sarny the letters and this tell me he is a brave individual. 2g. Waller cuts two of Nightjohn’s toes with the help of his son Robe. 2h. Sarny believes that Waller is cruel by what he did to Mammy and Nightjohn, and that he deserves nothing but the worse. Chapter VI 1. The actions that John takes after his toes are chopped off are admirable. He starts writing an A while all the slaves in the plantation are around him while saying he has learned his lesson. Then he writes a B saying â€Å"This is B. What I named my wifeâ€Å". One of the slaves then calls over Clel, their owner, and he continues with the next letter in the alphabet. While writing the letter C he says â€Å"This is the letter C like a mouth open just like if you had something important to say†. . Yes, I believe John will be successful with his planned because he is a brave man and would do anything to reach his goal. 3. What John promises Sarny is that he will always be looking for her and she seems to believe him. I myself believe him because he seems like a man that’s about his words. Chapter VII 1. Nightjohn was successful with his pl an because he made it away safely and afterwards came back for Sarny like he promised. 2. What has happened to Sarny since John left was that she never wrote words in the dirt learned the letters A-J. 3. Yes, John kept his promise to Sarny because he came back for her. . John takes Sarny to â€Å"School† and it is so secretive because the white people can’t find out about it. 5. Nightjohn was at the school teaching other kids while he was gone. 6. Nightjohn teaches reading by using catalogs. 7. Sarny feels very glad that she gets to write and learn again. Chapter Words 1. In this short chapter, Sarny tells us how every night he walks to school just to teach them how to read and write. 2. What I think would happen if another chapter was added to the book is that it will tell us how Sarny is now a wise woman that sacrifices herself to help children learn how to read and write.

Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment Essay Example

Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment Essay I have been studying and analyzing the poems Maple Syrup by Donald Hall and The Flower Press by Penelope Shuttle. I am going to compare and contrast the two poems. The poems are very different but they also have some similarities which makes this assignment interesting. Maple Syrup is about a man telling and showing someone else about his childhood. He returns back to his grandfathers house who died ten years before and describes it in great detail. The man finds some maple syrup in his grandfathers house which has been there for twenty-five years. The Flower Press is about a mother talking to her daughter after finding a flower press from her childhood. It gives clues to a secret past belonging to the mother throughout the poem. However, it never reveals what really happened. The mother shows a lot of interest in what her daughter thinks about the flower press because she seems insecure and has little confidence. This maybe relates to her past and what could have happened during her childhood therefore the mother might think it could reflect on her daughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Obviously these poems have similarities such as the content of them both finding something linking to their past a discovery. Also both poets are talking to another person and sharing their past with the reader. The language used in the two poems is different but again has some similarities. The language used in Maple Syrup is old, yet understandable. For example, saphouse and quart jar are old words but once they have been looked up or discussed it makes the whole poem make sense. There are many devices used in Maple Syrup such as lists Keneston, Wells, Flower, Batchelder, Buck, this builds up a sense of quantity so it makes the graveyard seem full of his ancestors. A metaphor is used when it says sweetness preserved, of a dead man to create imagery and a sense of loss and death. The poet is trying to say that there is continuity between the past and the present. The poet also uses similes, for example, like someone exhausted this creates imagery and gives the effect of the saphouse sounding like a person dying. A rhetorical question is another device used in the poem Maple Syrup: what is this? this gives the sense of a surprising moment and involves the reader by making them think about wh at it could be. Also it makes the reader want to carry on. Personal pronouns such as I, we and you to make the reader feel involved. Another main device used to create suspense and emphasis is repetition: the poet repeats sweetness three times in the last stanza to make the reader believe and understand how sweet the maple syrup actually was. I think this device gives the message across clearly. Like this, the poem The Flower Press uses many of the same devices. On of these is a rhetorical question: Am I right to warn you of their perfections? This also involves the reader but makes them think in depth. However, in comparison to Maple Syrup, The Flower Press uses negative words and phrases such as nervous, ghosts of flowers, dry, frail, faded and flawed. These words create an almost deathly feel to the poem, a dark and depressing time. They are used to represent the mothers past it is a metaphor of her memories. Another device used throughout the poem is a metaphor, for example, ghosts of flowers. This created an image of ghosts belonging to dead flowers, a deathly feel. Alliteration is used when it says dry, frail, faded, and this emphasises deadness and makes it stay in the readers mind. Both poems are written in present tense. Comparing the structure and layout of both the poems; they are both very different. Maple Syrup consists of six stanzas most of which contain enjambment. Enjambment is when the sentence carries on onto the line below giving the effect to the reader of the poem not having a rhythm so the reader doesnt read it with a beat. It also makes the reader read it slower which I think helps the reader to understand. Each stanza in Maple Syrup has a different amount of lines; this means the poet hasnt used a certain pattern because there was no logical way in which he wanted to make the reader read it or say it. The first and second stanza describes the graveyard and gives clues about his past. The third stanza tells the reader about when he visits his grandfathers house and describes it in great detail for example, spinning wheels, pretty boxes, quilts The third stanza also reveals the discovery of maple syrup found in the attic. The fourth stanza is about unfolding the great surprise and memor ies from his past and sharing the moment with his wife. The fifth stanza describes the saphouse. Finally in the sixth stanza he shares the maple syrup with his wife and tastes it for the first time in twenty-five years. In comparison to this, The Flower Press is one continuous stanza. However, each line is also a different length which stops the poem having a rhythm or pattern. The effect of having the structure like this is easy for the reader to read it. I think the reason why the poet has chosen to write the poem in one continuous stanza is because it is set in one location where as, Maple Syrup has been set out in different changes of scene. The tone is very important when studying a poem because it shows what message and mood the poet wanted to get across and create towards the reader. Maple Syrup gives a reflective tone when the man is walking round the graves and it mentions names he is familiar with. However, it also sets a happy tone like the man is thankful because he has his wife or a close friend there with him. Throughout the poem happy memories are reflected which creates a good mood. Comparing The Flower Press with Maple Syrup, The Flower Press gives a very anxious feel to it by using negative words and asking depressing questions. At times in the poem the tone is sombre but the poet also makes the tone feel happy at some points for example at the end when the discovery overall becomes a promising advance for the mother. During the middle of the poem it becomes poignant giving negative comments and then uplifting the mood. Both poems are poignant overall but give off different tones throughout the poem. This gives both poems a large similarity as they both have high spirited endings of which they have shared with a loved one who wasnt present originally. Donald Hall who wrote Maple Syrup wrote the poem wanting the reader to think and get involved with his past. I think Donald Hall wanted us to imagine all the detail he describes such as in the house, the saphouse and the discovery of the maple syrup. He uses all his devices to capture the thought of the reader and for the reader to question the poem in depth. I think he wanted us to remember our childhood and the little things that made us happy and to also share them with loved ones. Penelope Shuttle who wrote The Flower Press also wrote the poem making the reader think in great depth. The Flower Press hides the mothers past by describing it but not telling the reader what actually happened. The poet indicated that the mother had a negative past; this makes the reader think about what it could have been. Both the poems make the reader think but in different ways which is a good way of capturing the readers attention. My thoughts on Maple Syrup are positive. I understand the poem and it makes me think a lot. I like how the poet creates suspense during the third stanza by using a rhetorical question this made me want to read on as I was excited to know what the discovery was. I like the fact that the poem has used enjambment because I have never really come across a poem like this which makes it more interesting and different to read. Out of the two poems, The Flower Press is my favourite. This is mainly because it almost hides a secret in a kind of way because the poet is not telling the reader the basis of the story. Therefore, it makes the reader imagine their own view. I like how the poet has consistently used negative words for description but she also manages to create the feeling of happiness and relief towards the end of the poem. When I first read this poem I didnt like it or understand it but now I have studied it and thought about the meanings of words and phrases I have grasped it and I enjoyed working on it.

Rwanda Reaction Essay essays

Rwanda Reaction Essay essays It is disturbing to know that a lot of people do not care what decisions the government make as long as they do not affect them in a negative way. Even though our government is one of the most powerful and influential governments in the world some people just don't care. It is alarming to know that our government consciously made a decision to deprive a group of people from help that would have stopped genocide from happening. It is understandable that not everyone is raised as a catholic, or if they are, do not live a strict catholic life. But as Catholics we know that what happened in Rwanda was a terrible incident. In the Catholic Social Teachings it teaches us about the Dignity of the human Person, and how everyone is made in the likeness of God, and no one should have their dignity stripped from them just because of their race. A quote from the Catholic Social Teachings best describes how killing of a person is wrong: "Life, especially human life, belongs to God; whoever attacks human life attacks God's very self." Nevertheless even if someone was not a Catholic and did not believe in any divine power, they too would agree that what happened at Rwanda is terrible. As a human being we are obligated to respect everyone and anyone. Every person no matter their way of life, or situation has rights that everyone must respect. It is evident that everyone agrees the massacre of a group of people is wrong no matter how you look at it. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights it talk about the rights that every person has a right to. I feel that articles 3, 4 and 5 relate to Rwanda the most. Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person. They had no intentions in helping the Tutsis, instead they were focusing on the safe return on the United States citizens that where working in Rwanda. It was obvious that the U.N. would just leave Rwanda be, when one senior U...

When They Dont Pay

When They Dont Pay A couple of weeks ago, a long-time fan wrote to me, saying how she had not been paid for a poem that was published on The Relationship Blogger (https://therelationshipblogger.com/). The writer did all the right things. Even once she was not paid, she sent nice notices, always being patient when the answers asked for more time. Ultimately, she wrote me and asked for help. I wrote the editor in June and asked that she be paid. Otherwise, I had to mention his website/publication to my readers as one not to trust in terms of payment. The website did post on March 4, 2019 (https://therelationshipblogger.com/spring-break-call-for-submissions/) that they were only taking reprints (for no compensation), but my friend had already been published in February. Yallwere only talking $15 for a poem. His response to me (verbatim): We are no longer a publication anymore, and I am no longer accepting any paid submissions of any kind. We ran into funding problems due to the recent decline in our income streams in December last year. Sadly, we were unable to fulfil the writers payments, and as soon as that happened we stopped taking submissions that we paid for. I do plan to pay the writers for that month, but until I can build myself back out of the hole Ive found myself in, I cant. If I pay one, then I have to pay them all if that makes sense. I am absolutely willing to take her poem down, though. I have kept most of the work the writers have done over the last year in the archives out of respect to them because we have semi-high DA (Domain Authority), and linkbacks are always good. Hope that is ok, Kind regards, Editor (name removed) Sadly, this writer didnt get her $15. While that doesnt sound like much, when you have bills to pay, it helps. So, as a reminder on the basics of freelancing, do the following: 1) Screen-print  the submission guidelines for future reference (for when they disappear later). 2) Keep a file of emails accepting your work along with any mention of conditions for acceptance. I have a spreadsheet of my submissions to include the emails used, rights purchased, expected payment date, etc. 3) When they do not pay,  be professional  and remind them. Then remind them again every few weeks. The next suggestions you may not agree with, but they are from my experience and general outlook: 4) Determine based upon the payment due to you whether your time is worth investing in pursuing compensation. Look at the hours you lose writing for another market and decide how youd like to best use that time. While I might not have pursued the $15, someone else might need it desperately. 5) If you wish to contact someone like me with a site that mentions non-paying markets, dont expect to also collect your ounce-of-flesh (retaliatory satisfaction). While I often do collect compensation for writers with a single letter, sometimes I dont. Ill write once but wont take up the torch, so to speak. 6) Dont attach your name to anything public that depicts you as a disgruntled soul who wants to get even. That means anywhere. . . Facebook, newsletter, Instagram, etc. You want the public to remember you in a positive light, regardless of how deeply you  feel burnt. You dont want your wrath to appear in someones Google search of your name. Writers have eroded entire careers duking it out with a market or publisher, with their writing long forgotten in the fight. 7) Finally, get over it. Not only will you serve yourself better

Aristotles Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aristotles Politics - Essay Example Therefore, at times, he tends to justify the status quo-making statements that some people are born to be slaves, and that a slave "is a possession of the animate sort"2 or that 'Hellenes' (Greeks) are superior to others (barbarians) These ideas may be reprehensible today to us, who favor a liberal approach. However, in discussing the views of the thinkers of antiquity we must remember the setting in which they were placed, and accept that circumstances and environment definitely play a major part in shaping thought processes. In his book, Politics (as also in his Ethics) Aristotle looks among other things at the political and the contemplative life, discussing what is involved in each type of life, and which one of these is preferable. He states that it is the manner in which "goods" are "partitioned" that separates men into three types. These goods he classifies into three, "external goods, goods of the body, and goods of the soul." The "happy man must have all three" of these type of goods.3 The soul is nobler than our bodies or our possessions. And "it is for the sake of the soul that goods external and goods of the body are eligible at all and (we) ought to choose them for the sake of the soul, and not the soul for the sake of them."4 Every human being should seek to be happy. But happiness should not be mistaken for the usual bodily pleasures. In his Ethics Aristotle says that the happiness that a person has achieved cannot be calculated on a short-term basis, but can be ascertained at the end of his life. When a person lives his life ensuring that the "activity of (his) soul (is) according to reason" (Ethics),5 then he attains happiness. The best life, for an individual and for a state, is the life of virtue, "when virtue has external goods enough for the performance of good actions."6 The extent of happiness which a person attains is in proportion to the virtue and wisdom which he possesses, and which leads to virtuous and wise action. A person is "happy and blessed not by reason of any external good, but in himself and by reason of his own nature."7 The difference between good fortune and happiness is that external goods (or good fortune) occur as a result of chance, but happiness which comes by temperate living or virtue is no chance happening. Temperate living comes from right actions that are done because a person possesses virtue and wisdom. Both a man of action and a man of contemplation can pursue a virtuous life-a life in which he uses his wisdom to do the right thing. The highest or best life for a man of action is the political life, while the highest type of contemplative life is the philosopher's life. To use Aristotle's own words," even those who agree in thinking that the life of virtue is the most eligible, raise a question, whether the life of business and politics is or

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Questions - Essay Example Policies of the Company were framed from the head office which did not allow for the tailoring of policies to suit the needs of the local regional markets. The framing of decisions from the head office also made the operations of the Company more bureaucratic and customers were less efficiently served. Hence, this decision making framework was not appropriate to serve the complexities of the international environment. The Company has recently recognized this and has reorganized its structure by establishing a regional structure to bring decision making closer to its clients. The decision making structure has been reorganized to give greater decision making power to regional heads. This allows greater client focus and to achieve global product excellence. It allows managers to be receptive to the needs of the regional economies and helps to make the organization leaner and more efficient. The Company has taken steps to reduce the complexity of its business operations and reorganized its internal structure to adapt to its external environment. 2. Hickson et al (1971) have proposed the strategic contingencies theory of intra organizational power. This theory suggests that the extent of power of sub units will be determined by the extent of power they have over contingencies. Every organization is riddled with uncertainties about future events due to the lack of available information. The ability of the subunits to cope effectively with these uncertainties and reduce their impact for other sub units will determine the extent of intra organizational power that they have. When a subunit’s work is linked more pervasively to others in the organization, and when the sub unit is able to respond immediately and affect the activities of others in the organization, it is likely to enjoy a greater power than the other sub-units. In my organization which is a banking conglomerate,

Energy Summary Essay Example for Free

Energy Summary Essay There are many energy sources that have been described in the recent past as being clean but the truth is that no energy source is clean as many claim. The variation of the energy sources is in their advantages and disadvantages (Raven, 2010). Whereas the disadvantages of energy source include cost, hazard potential and environmental damage, the advantages include energy safety, availability, versatility and density. Examples of energy sources include fossil fuels, solar energy, nuclear, hydropower and hydrogen fuel among others. Fossil fuels according to Raven (2009, p. 233) which is defined as â€Å"Combustible deposits in the Earth’s crust, composed of the remnants (fossil) of prehistoric organisms that existed millions of years ago†, comprise of natural gas, petroleum (oil) and coal. Of the all the energy sources used in the North America 80% is fossil fuels namely oil natural gas and coal. The energy source is nonrenewable in limited supply which is depleted by use. The natural processes responsible for the formation of fossil fuels are still in progress but it takes million of years to get substantial quantity of the energy which do not keep pace with its use. In addition the fossil fuel is only found in two continents: South America and Africa and it are only a few countries in the continents which have the fossil fuel resources. Due to the fact that most of the fossil fuels are found in developing countries, there is lack of capital to extract the resources. Hence there is need to switch to other forms of energy to provide the needed energy that has been on rise. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel worldwide and it is found mainly in Russia, India, United States, South Africa, Germany, Australia and China which are on the northern hemisphere (Raven, 2010). The mining of coal has serious environmental impact on the environment. Environmental impact associated with the mining of coal include large open trenches and pits; exposed high cliffs of rocks; toxic and acid drainage; pollution of water bodies as well as soil erosion. Such impacts pose serious risk to human and biodiversity lives as they can lead to landslide, intoxication, habitat destruction among others. Burning of coal also affects the water and air quality which leads to sooty fallout, ocean acidification and climate change. Burning of coal which contains mercury releases the substance into the atmosphere and then to water and land thereby harm both man and wildlife. Oil and natural gas which has increasingly become important since 1930s provides about 70% of the world’s energy. It is more preferable than coal because it is cleaner, more versatile and easier to transport than coal. The environmental problems associated with the natural gas and oil is with regard to their combustion, production and transportation. Combustion of the fossil fuels emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which insulates the planet which prevents radiation of the heat back into the space hence global warming. Their transportation has also led to oil spill which affected economies of the many regions. The spill like the recent Gulf coast oil spill also threatens wildlife (Raven, 2010). Nuclear is another source of energy that produces 100000 times more energy per atom in nuclear reaction, than the energy available in a chemical bond between two atoms. The energy is mainly derived from uranium which is a non renewable source. Nuclear energy does not direct impact on the environment as other energy sources do but it generates radioactive waste like spent fuel (Raven, 2010). Other wastes include gases in the reactor and radioactive coolant fluids. The radioactive wastes and the spent fuel are dangerous because they are highly radioactive there by posing serious heal and environmental risks to man and the environment in general. Proper storage and measures of disposal are very fundamental to reduce such dangers. Nuclear energy also contributes to environmental pollution indirectly (Raven, 2010). From the time uranium is mined, processed and disposed, good quantity of both diesel and gasoline is used which contribute pollute the environment directly. Some wastes which result from nuclear reactions like strontium-90, krypton-85 and cesium-137 have half-life of between 30 to 90 years and will take between 300 to 600 years before they decay to a level where they are safe. On the other hand there are high-level radioactive liquid wastes which are unstable and not easy to monitor thereby making them very dangerous. Such wastes are first converted to solid state before being stored (Raven, 2010). Nuclear and utility executives have come up with a plan to promote nuclear energy and to put in place a strategy that will address the economic and safety issues associated with nuclear power. This includes a plan to build nuclear reactors that will be 10 times safer than the ones currently in use. There other energy sources which are renewable and they include solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy and tidal energy. Solar energy is derived from the sun and is perpetually available as opposed to other energy sources like uranium deposits, oil and coal which are found some particular areas (Raven, 2010). We can only run short of the solar energy when the nuclear fire of the sun burns out. Solar energy is derived when the sun’s energy is absorbed by collection device such as a plate of black metal or a panel. The unique property of the sun light, whereby it passes through transparent objects but once it hits an object it releases invisible waves of heat called infrared radiation which cannot penetrate glass, allows solar energy to heat water bodies, building and other objects. Systems have been developed and used in the industrial and building processes where solar energy is concentrated to heat liquids. Direct solar energy has been used to generate electricity by use of photovoltaic solar cells which produce electricity to the tune of 13000 MW globally. In other places well structured systems are used to generate solar thermal electric generation electricity. Energy is also derived from the sun indirectly for instance, burning of the biomass which includes organic matter like wood releases energy stored in plants during photosynthesis (Raven, 2010). Wind energy got from the wind by the use of wind turbines or windmills to generate electricity or mechanical energy is also a type of renewable energy. Streams and rivers are also dammed in order to generate hydroelectricity. The energy exists in the water because it is the energy from the sun that drives the hydrological cycles. Biomass as a source of energy is very important because it lowers the rate at which we depend on the fossil fuel and since the energy is also derived from wastes it reduces the problem of waste disposal (Raven, 2010). However, when the balance shift from food production to biomass energy production, then the food prices is likely to go up which is disadvantageous. Other sources of renewable energy are tidal energy and geothermal energy derived from changes in water level and naturally occurring heat respectively. In conclusion, the requirement of energy increases day by day therefore effort need to be put in energy conservation and development of technologies of alternative energy sources which requires less energy. It should also be the responsibility of every person and every household to economically use the available energy sources responsible so as to enhance energy savings (Light, 2003). References Light, A. (2003). Environmental Ethics: An Anthology, 1e. Retrieved 19 May 2010 from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=871324e1-b1c6-4d2d-85d0-de1f7aaf570eassetDataId=d5e53d69-8288-4946-9a9b-69a18044be6a Raven, P. (2010). Environment 7e. Retrieved 19 May 2010 from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=568808a6-a4f4-4b79-ac9c-845c0188b75aassetDataId=68c16029-cca8-4bdd-8119-68f43458e29e