The Love Song J. Alfred Prufolk

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is a beautifully written, but yet somewhat sad poem by poet T. S. Eliot. It tells the inner thoughts of a lonely man who is seeking love of a woman, but his own fear of rejection causes him to stray from following through with the action. The poem title itself is very ironic because the character himself is fearful, anti-heroic and unromantic. For someone who is in love, wants to find love, or wants to be in love they have to be courageous and willing to take whatever it brings even rejection. It is clear that Prufrock is afraid of being rejected because in various lines of the poem we see that he builds up to ask a question then strays away into a different thought. What is unclear however is whether Prufrock is speaking to someone or talking to his inner thoughts. Early on in the poem Prufrock paints a scene that is very unpleasant, Prufrock describes his surrounding with phrases that indicate glum and depression. He describes the night as â€Å"restless’ and speaks of streets that follow like a tedious argument and also of the yellow frog. All this imagery allows the reader to see Prufrock unhappiness with his surroundings; just as he is with being alone. The feeling of boredom with his life somewhat presents itself in lines 50-52, because he says he has â€Å"known them all already, known them all-have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons. † One gets the feeling that Prufrock seems to feel that his life is over and has nothing more to possibly offer. Prufrock makes many references to time in lines 27-35, he claims there is time to â€Å"meet faces†, â€Å"murder and create†, have a â€Å"hundred indecisions† and a â€Å"hundred visions and revisions†. From this I gathered that he wishes he would have taken advantage of time and possibly done some things in his life differently. In lines 70-75 makes references of walking through narrow streets at dusk and watching as lonely men lean out of windows smoking in shirtless sleeves, there is a disappointing tone in which Prufrock says this that allows one infer that he himself does not to be like these men. He also speaks about being a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of the silent seas imply himself being a crab which is also a bottom feeder of trash etc. I believe the statement about being a crab maybe an implication of how he feels he lacks any real importance. Prufrock follows these lines with the talk of strength to force the moment to crisis. This â€Å"moment of crisis† statement makes readers mind wonder what exactly the crisis may be. It has been argued by a few critics such as Charles Walcutt and Bruce Hayman on whether Prufrock does indeed want to marry. In lines70-75, Walcutt argues that this is an attempt to formulate a proposal of marriage that will soften the lady’s hearty with pity. I do agree with this because it already seems that Prufrock is indeed desperate to have love and is willing to say anything that will persuade this woman of his interest to accepts his proposal. Walcutt continues his argument with the line â€Å"strength to force the moment of crisis. † Walcutt says that Prufrock abandons his proposal due to his fear of ridicule, this I partly agree with. I believe that Prufrock is afraid making this proposal in front of these people at the party; the thought of a public proposal makes him nervous. However I partly agree because Prufrock worries about the woman possibly mocking him or even laughing at him in his face, this could be due to the fact that Prufrock himself does not know this woman very well and is fact basing his decision of a proposal of a mere infatuation. However Bruce Hayman sets up a different type of argument as to Prufrock really is and whether he does want to be married. Hayman infers that the poem may be in which a young Prufrock desires to sexually proposition, while the older Prufrock is interested in marriage. Hayman first make his argument by using the title, he says â€Å"A Love Song† is usually sung to someone whom you know well and with whom you are in love. â€Å"Love† is more closely associated with marriage then one-night encounters. I do with this point that Hayman has made when you are in love with someone you are likely to sing a love song or even to write a poem to them expressing such love. The fact that Prufrock is looking for love and has not really made any attempts to approach this woman makes no sense as to why the poem title has the words â€Å"Love song† in it. Hayman further continues with his argument by proposing that Prufrock may be indeed looking for a sexual rendezvous rather than a marriage. Hayman says, â€Å"If Prufrock were trying to make a marriage proposal, he would know the female fairly well, well enough that her presence would be a figure in his imagination. † I agree with this completely, a man that is interested in proposing to a woman would at least know the woman’s name. Throughout the whole poem there is never a mention of this woman’s name, it seems more as if he saw this woman and had an immediate sexual attraction to her rather than an emotional one. Hayman makes his second by pointing out that the two have never spent any time together, except for the fact that she allows him to be alone with her while she lounges on pillows on the floor. This makes the actions between the two seem more like a sexual affair between strangers than it does between lovers who are lounging around their home also the fact that throughout the poem Prufrock focuses more on physical of this woman, such as things she is wearing like the bracelet, shawl. His focus is on everything just below the neck, never does he mention any of her facial features. Usually in a poem especially one that uses the terms love there is talk of the eyes, lips or even hair. Critic Leon Waldoff makes his argument of the bases off Prufrock’s fear of love. Waldoff says that there are two fears that Prufrock faces that causes him not to follow through with any of his actions. Waldoff says Prufrock’s hesitation to ascend the stair where the â€Å"woman come and go talking of Michelangelo† and his repeated questions, â€Å"Do I dare? † â€Å"So how should I presume? † â€Å"And how should I begin? reflects his fear of acting on his desires and his fear is the reason he exaggerates the consequences of self-assertion. I agree with that fact that Prufrock not ascending the stairs where the woman he holds interest in is a fear of acting on his desires. I feel that if you want someone bad enough your fears would push you further. Waldoff Prufrock’s second fear is that his impulse may overwhelm him. I agree that this may in fact be another fear Prufrock has, I believe with him putting so much thought on when and where to approach this woman may cause desires to get ahead of him causing them to eventually capitulate him. Throughout the poem T. S. Eliot uses a few literary terms such I believe that Eliot uses literary terms into the poem to make it more interesting and to make the reader think deeper; to actually scratch below the surface. Eliot uses alliteration for â€Å"When the wind blows the water white and black†, â€Å"When the evening is spread out against the sky Like a patient etherised upon a table†,(simile) and in line 120 he uses the â€Å"peach† as a personification because the shape of the peach is looks like a butt.

New York Subway

A pale, misshapen face drew nearer. I could sense a vague familiarity, but it was hard to grasp. â€Å"No don't come any closer! Please no! I can't take no more! You're not alive, you're not alive!† †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fear overtook my body as I began to regain consciousness. I trembled unable to gain control over my body. I shook my head in an attempt to develop a sense of reality. It was no use. What was I doing here? I peered through the window in a desperate attempt to discover something recognisable; but despite these attempts I couldn't. The streets were overcome with people, none of them even aware they were being observed, just carrying on with their normal routines, stalking the streets leaving no space for the sidewalks to breathe. I frantically scanned the small, enclosed room in order to find something to refresh my memory. I then came across a card reading ‘with deepest sympathy†¦..' A puzzled expression was forced upon my face as I tried to make sense of it. Then I realised why I was here. A river flowed down my cheeks as I fell to the floor wishing I could go back to not knowing. It was so hard for me to accept it, I felt as if I was being suffocated with my own feelings, as if my heart had been taken from me for it was unable to feel no more. Silence. Not even the clocks could bear to tick anymore. Everything so empty and cold, leaving no reason to go on. Why did she have to die? I felt so much resent towards her. How could she do this to me? So many thoughts and questions were running through my mind. What was I saying? How could I feel so much hate and rejection to my own mother? I felt so sick and numb inside. Physically I felt dead but emotionally I felt so much pain and sorrow. It wasn't just me I had to think about though was it? What about my family? What were they going to think if I didn't go to my mother's funeral? The whole prospect made me shiver. I can imagine their remarks now. I had to go no matter how I felt, I had to say goodbye. I felt as if I was in a world of confusion. The funeral was to be in New York due to my mother being brought up there. But how could I get there? How could I afford it? I hadn't even come to terms with my mother's death and yet I was left with all these decisions. I opened my wallet to find emptiness; kind of the way I was feeling right now. I closed my eyes trying to gain a stable state of mind. Somehow I'd get there, no matter how difficult the situation is. What kind of a person would I be if I didn't go? I breathed in deeply, hoping the extra oxygen would give me an answer to my problems; it didn't. Nothing would bring her back but at least I can take her with me as a part of her will always remain in me, I can see that now. I stared at the ceiling, hoping it would give me an insight into my problems. I sighed deeply closing my eyes once again. Then I saw her face again drawing nearer, her eyes calling tome in a deep, longing desire. I couldn't stop shaking. The images just kept running through my mind like a film being played over and over again in slow motion. My eyes fixed upon the clock. Time just seemed to flow by carelessly without anything being accomplished in it. It tended to make me feel sad that I'd wasted so much. I needed to get out of here before I wasted anymore time on pointless arguments with myself! I left the hotel, frantically trying to gather any spare money that had been left around the room. There was hardly anything. I stepped out onto the sidewalk to be barged into, everyone rushing to get somewhere, not caring about anyone else. I looked up at the sky to discover tall, large buildings towering over me in an ominous way. I felt so alone yet I was surrounded by hundreds of people. I carried on walking down the sidewalk admiring the homeless, not their lifestyles but their outlook on life. They don't care about what anyone else thinks, only about the necessities. Although in their eyes I could see despair, this is not right, what was the world coming to? These menacing thoughts could not be rid of. They just kept tormenting my mind. Then I saw the answer, it was written in large bold letters entitled ‘Broadway subway.' There had been many stories about taking the subway but I didn't suppose any of them was true, besides it's cheap and it's the only way. I stepped down into a dark, dingy hole of darkness below on the earth's surface. A distinguished stench roamed the air making me feel nauseous. I went down the stairwell cautiously taking in the hell-like atmosphere. As I reached the bottom I gasped in horror at the threatening surroundings. Graffiti pierced the subway walls increasing its texture as it builds up in layers. I wanted to turn back but I knew I couldn't. Red paint stained the walls; it was almost like; oh wait it was. My face went pale as I saw the human blood splattered up the cold, hard wall, no one even bothering to remove it. I ran as fast as I could trying to escape the fears of the imagination. All around me I saw images flashing through my mind. Fear gripped my heart. Tears blocked my vision as I tried to find the token booth. I couldn't back out now; I had already come too far. I hesitated as I saw the token booth; I then approached it pulling out a dollar, the only thing I had left. I purchased the token and then waited patiently wishing it wouldn't come for then I could have an excuse. Who was I kidding? The only person I was trying to fool was myself. The train's eyes beamed out of the darkness, it was like they were trying to hypnotise their victims before they'd even begun their ghastly journey. I took the first car making sure that there were other people on it, so that I could remind myself that I wasn't the only person experiencing this catastrophe. I stared at the floor trying to avoid eye contact with any of the other passengers incase they see fear in my eyes or that I may see fear in theirs, either way I was doomed. The lights flickered on and off struggling to keep a constant setting. I often feared that they would totally go off. I didn't dare to see how anyone else was feeling. The whole car was filled with an annoying silence and irritable atmosphere. It was hard to keep sanity. No one dared speak in case of rejection or unwanted conversation. Smoke drifted through the air causing me to cough, I was unable to hold it in. I stared out of the window to see darkness and the occasional flicker of light. This was all too much. Then suddenly the train came to a screeching halt and then †¦darkness. Total darkness. My heart began to pound unexpectedly; I couldn't bear to sit like this. I felt so restrained by the silence. I felt so alone. â€Å"Hello? Is anyone there? Somebody please answer me?† I screamed unable to be silenced any longer. Then I heard a murmur in the background. â€Å"Its ok this usually happens, it only lasts a few minutes. You'll be ok.† The lights slower began to flicker, swaying form side to side before regaining total lighting. I turned around to see people smiling in relief. â€Å"Thanks† I said quietly realising that this wasn't as horrific as I thought. The fear of the subway was just in my head. Just a constant reminder of how brutal life can be. I sat back and sighed in relief before realising that I didn't know what platform to get off at. Panic. I couldn't bear to go through all this again. I decided to get off at the next platform and then get directions from there. I quickly rose and stepped off the train to find myself surrounded by emptiness. My hopes had been demolished once again. Everything came flooding back and I finally broke down. I could no longer hold in all these feelings. Tears burst from my eyes and I didn't have the strength to wipe them away. It was then a hand touched my shoulder. A shiver went down my spine as I turned around in fear. A man was stood behind me, he smiled calmly. â€Å"What's wrong?† He said I didn't want got get into everything so I just told him that I was lost and I needed to get out of the subway. He showed me to the stairwell and gave me directions. A sense of relief passed through me. Was it finally it? Was I really here? The only thing that was left to frighten me was the thought of going back. But I realised now that there was nothing to fear except being left alone with my thoughts, but maybe if I confronted them then there would be nothing left to fear; except perhaps, fear itself!

Behaviorism Essay - 1778 Words

Behaviorism Psychology is the science of behavior. Psychology is not the science of the mind. Behavior can be described and explained without making reference to mental events or to internal psychological processes. The sources of behavior are external (in the environment), not internal (in the mind). Behaviorism is a doctrine, or a set of doctrines, about human and nonhuman animal behavior. An important component of many psychological theories in the late nineteenth century were introspection, the study of the mind by analysis of ones own thought processes. It was in reaction to this trend that behaviorism arose, claiming that the causes of behavior need not be sought in the depths of the mind but could be observed in the immediate†¦show more content†¦Behaviorism was first developed in the early 20th century by the American psychologist John B Watson (1878-1958). Watson was credited with the founding the behavioral movement. This is not because Watson made major contributions to the t heory of behaviorism but rather because he publicized the empirical method and made it the battle cry for a new school of psychology, aggressively opposed to subjective approaches. The dominant view of that time was that psychology is the study of inner experiences or feelings by subjective, introspective methods. Watson proposed to make the study of psychology scientific by using only objective procedures such as a laboratory experiments designed to establish statistically significant result. Watson supported his rejection of the introspective method by demonstrating, in a classic experiment, that a supposed subjective emotion such as fear could, like the salvation response of Pavlovs dogs, result from a simple, objective conditioning process. With the help of an associate Watson conditioned a fear of rats into an eleventh month boy. Before the experiment, Albert had no fear of rats. On the first day of the experiment Albert was shown a white rat. Watson than struck a medal bar wit h a hammer that caused a very loud noise. The first time it was done the boy was simply startled. As it happened again and again, he began to show signs of fright, crying, falling over,Show MoreRelatedBehaviorism : Behaviorism And Behaviorism847 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviorism When individuals hear the term Behaviorism today, they instantly know that it signifies some form of behavior considering that it is in the word itself. Nevertheless, what exactly is behaviorism? According to the Dictionary of Psychology, behaviorism is a theory of learning that is based upon the idea that all behaviors are obtained from outside observations and not in thoughts or feelings. In the twentieth century, three significant behaviorists John B. 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Aboriginal Civil Rights Movement - 847 Words

1. Why did four Indigenous activists erect a beach umbrella on the lawns of Old Parliament House? On Australia Day in 1972, Indigenous activists erected a beach umbrella on the lawns outside of Old Parliament House. They set this up to start a protest; they placed a sign that said â€Å"Embassy† to represent a displaced nation. The McMahon Liberal Government made a statement in which land rights were rejected in favour of 50-year leases to Aboriginal communities, the activists were against this and this was the reason that this protest started. The activists were repeatedly asked when the protest would end and they said that they would stay until Aboriginal Australians had land rights, which could be forever. 2. Is source 2 a primary or†¦show more content†¦6. Using all the sources, explain what happened to the Aboriginal Tent embassy in 1972. On Australia day 1972 four Indigenous activists, Michael Anderson, Billy Craigie, Bertie Williams and Tony Koorie erected a beach umbrella on the lawns of Parliament House. These four people set up a protest and placed signs which said ‘Embassy’, this was to represent a displaced nation. The protesters were against the McMahon Liberal Government’s statement in which land rights were rejected to Aboriginal communities. They issued a petition which had a detailed five point plan which addressed that Aboriginals had ownership of existing reserves and settlements. The Aboriginal protesters said that they would stay out on the lawns opposing until the Aboriginal Australians were granted their land rights. After a while the Government realized that they needed to get rid of the Aboriginals that were camped at Old Parliament House. They decided that they would be removed without any disturbance and with plenty of notice. 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Hard, Illegal, Drugs Do More Positive And Your Body Than...

Hard, illegal, drugs do more positive to your body than good when used responsibly. Many people are quick to blame the drug as the problem, but that is not entirely true. The drug is not the problem, it is how people use them. Most people who are addicted to pain pills usually blame the pill as the source of their problem. They reject the idea that maybe it is not the drug, but themselves. If a person can let a pill control their life, chances are that something else would have taken the place of the painkiller. We need to stop blaming drugs and need to focus our attention on human behavior, environmental factors, cultural factors, and mental factors. We, too often, demonize drug users and their corresponding drug, but we need to shift away from the notion that drugs are bad. If we decriminalize all illicit drugs and start educating the masses, we can make huge leaps and bounds as a society without constantly taking steps backwards. The word â€Å"addiction† holds much weight. Many people in the general population would say that there is an epidemic of texting addiction when in reality, it is just an impulse. I have friends that feel inclined to check their phones way too often, whether they be at a red stoplight or just hanging out in a social group, but to call that and to call alcoholism, where you can literally die if you stop drinking, the same thing is just foolish and can be dangerous. Addiction has to do with social disruptions and being distressed, not howShow MoreRelatedDear Mom And Dad,. I Completely Understand Why You Are1163 Words   |  5 Pageshealth and future. I definitely understand your concerns, but you need to understand that you grew up in a completely different generation than me. Marijuana use is very common now days not only in The United States but all around the world. 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Alcohol is the term we use for ethanol, the substance suitable for humans to drink. Another form of alcohol is methanol and it is toxic to humans. Alcohol is regarded as a drug, its one of the more potent drugs which is legal and available for people under 18(with permission of their parents). The laws around alcohol have created many disputes, the current standing law was altered on 18 December 2013, it currently states the following; TheRead MoreWhy Is The Supreme Being?5039 Words   |  21 PagesStep 2: Believing in a Supreme Being Please pause for a moment, and picture in your mind the washed away remnants of what used to be a small city; it is rather difficult to recognize from all the earthquake rubble and debris that there once was a town here. Bits and pieces of what used to be homes are now scattered from one end of the view to the other. A gloomy haze of dust, smoke and ash has recently enveloped over the entire countryside. 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Night John Essay free essay sample

The narrator of this story is Sarny and she’s twelve years old. 2. This story is told in first person. 3. Clel Waller is Sarny’s owner. 4. Sarny doesn’t care or really respect Waller because when he isn’t around she calls him dog droppings and many other names. 5. Sarny is not dumb and how I know this is because she’s just quiet and listens to learn new things and if she were to be dumb she wouldn’t learn anything. 6. Sarny’s mother is not around because she was sold when Sarny was four years old and old Delie raised Sarny. . The work that Sarny does on the plantation is working around the quarters, cleaning the yard, gathering eggs, and helping old Delie with the young ones. 8. What Sarny does at night is she gets on a pallet in the back of the long log house and thinks. Chapter II 1. Sarny’s job in the flower garden was to work on the roses and her job allows her to chew on tobacco leaves to kill bugs. 2. Clel Waller paid one thousand dollars when he bought Nightjohn and this tells me that Nightjohn is worth money. 3. a. Sarny’s mammy prayed in the kettle. b. Sarny’s mammy prayed inside the kettle because they didn’t let pray so had to whisper in it. c. Sarny’s mammy prayed to be free. Chapter III 1. Nightjohn was brought in to the plantation with a rope to his neck. 2. The condition Nightjohn was in when brought to the plantation was bad. 3. The meals in the plantation were buttermilk down the trough, cornbread, and sometimes pieces of pork fat twice a day so the meals weren’t as good. 4. What Nightjohn did the first night on the plantation was teach Sarny the first letter of the alphabet and this tells me he is a genuine guy. 5. What Nightjohn tells Sarny about why reading is not allowed for slaves is that if white folks find out she is going to be in more trouble than she needs. Chapter IV 1a. Alice was someone used for breeding on the Waller plantation. 1b. The first time that Alice tried to run away she was brought back and got whipped in front of all the slaves. 1c. The next time she tried to escape she got caught and killed by dogs. 2a. Jim was a slave in the Waller plantation. 2b. What happened to Jim when he tried to run away was get caught because he hid in a tree and the tree wasn’t high enough to escape the dogs and got killed by the dogs. a. Pawley was a slave in Clel’s plantation that fell in love with a girl in another plantation. 3b. What happened to Pawley was that he got caught coming back from another planation visiting a girl and Waller cut his heels and bled to death 4. Sarny thinks it’s brave and stupid at the same time to escape because it would be a miracle if slave s actually made it, but they always get caught. 5. Sarny does still continue to learn letters from Nightjohn and what that tells me about her character is that she sticks in what she believes in. 6a. The reason why Mammy reacts the way she did when she catches Nightjohn teaching Sarny is because she could be in big trouble if the white folks find out and she has to protect Sarny from any harm. 6b. Mammy’s attitude changes from being overprotective to being calm and understanding after Nightjohn explains his reason for teaching her. 7a. Nightjohn got scars in his back before he escaped a plantation. 7b. Nightjohn returned after escaping because he came back to teach slave children how to read and write. 7c. He wants to teach slave children to read and write because he wants them to have something to hold on to and to be brave. Chapter V 1. What Sarny is learning in her lessons with Nightjohn is how to read and write. 2a. Sarny was writing in the dirt. 2b. Sarny tells Waller that he deserves to go to hell. 2c. Waller kicks Sarny in the stomach. 2d. The conflict for Sarny is external because it is between her and Waller. 2e. Mammy was punished and her punishment was getting shackled to the wall. 2f. Nightjohn confessed to teaching Sarny the letters and this tell me he is a brave individual. 2g. Waller cuts two of Nightjohn’s toes with the help of his son Robe. 2h. Sarny believes that Waller is cruel by what he did to Mammy and Nightjohn, and that he deserves nothing but the worse. Chapter VI 1. The actions that John takes after his toes are chopped off are admirable. He starts writing an A while all the slaves in the plantation are around him while saying he has learned his lesson. Then he writes a B saying â€Å"This is B. What I named my wifeâ€Å". One of the slaves then calls over Clel, their owner, and he continues with the next letter in the alphabet. While writing the letter C he says â€Å"This is the letter C like a mouth open just like if you had something important to say†. . Yes, I believe John will be successful with his planned because he is a brave man and would do anything to reach his goal. 3. What John promises Sarny is that he will always be looking for her and she seems to believe him. I myself believe him because he seems like a man that’s about his words. Chapter VII 1. Nightjohn was successful with his pl an because he made it away safely and afterwards came back for Sarny like he promised. 2. What has happened to Sarny since John left was that she never wrote words in the dirt learned the letters A-J. 3. Yes, John kept his promise to Sarny because he came back for her. . John takes Sarny to â€Å"School† and it is so secretive because the white people can’t find out about it. 5. Nightjohn was at the school teaching other kids while he was gone. 6. Nightjohn teaches reading by using catalogs. 7. Sarny feels very glad that she gets to write and learn again. Chapter Words 1. In this short chapter, Sarny tells us how every night he walks to school just to teach them how to read and write. 2. What I think would happen if another chapter was added to the book is that it will tell us how Sarny is now a wise woman that sacrifices herself to help children learn how to read and write.

Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment Essay Example

Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment Essay I have been studying and analyzing the poems Maple Syrup by Donald Hall and The Flower Press by Penelope Shuttle. I am going to compare and contrast the two poems. The poems are very different but they also have some similarities which makes this assignment interesting. Maple Syrup is about a man telling and showing someone else about his childhood. He returns back to his grandfathers house who died ten years before and describes it in great detail. The man finds some maple syrup in his grandfathers house which has been there for twenty-five years. The Flower Press is about a mother talking to her daughter after finding a flower press from her childhood. It gives clues to a secret past belonging to the mother throughout the poem. However, it never reveals what really happened. The mother shows a lot of interest in what her daughter thinks about the flower press because she seems insecure and has little confidence. This maybe relates to her past and what could have happened during her childhood therefore the mother might think it could reflect on her daughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry from Other Cultures Coursework Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Obviously these poems have similarities such as the content of them both finding something linking to their past a discovery. Also both poets are talking to another person and sharing their past with the reader. The language used in the two poems is different but again has some similarities. The language used in Maple Syrup is old, yet understandable. For example, saphouse and quart jar are old words but once they have been looked up or discussed it makes the whole poem make sense. There are many devices used in Maple Syrup such as lists Keneston, Wells, Flower, Batchelder, Buck, this builds up a sense of quantity so it makes the graveyard seem full of his ancestors. A metaphor is used when it says sweetness preserved, of a dead man to create imagery and a sense of loss and death. The poet is trying to say that there is continuity between the past and the present. The poet also uses similes, for example, like someone exhausted this creates imagery and gives the effect of the saphouse sounding like a person dying. A rhetorical question is another device used in the poem Maple Syrup: what is this? this gives the sense of a surprising moment and involves the reader by making them think about wh at it could be. Also it makes the reader want to carry on. Personal pronouns such as I, we and you to make the reader feel involved. Another main device used to create suspense and emphasis is repetition: the poet repeats sweetness three times in the last stanza to make the reader believe and understand how sweet the maple syrup actually was. I think this device gives the message across clearly. Like this, the poem The Flower Press uses many of the same devices. On of these is a rhetorical question: Am I right to warn you of their perfections? This also involves the reader but makes them think in depth. However, in comparison to Maple Syrup, The Flower Press uses negative words and phrases such as nervous, ghosts of flowers, dry, frail, faded and flawed. These words create an almost deathly feel to the poem, a dark and depressing time. They are used to represent the mothers past it is a metaphor of her memories. Another device used throughout the poem is a metaphor, for example, ghosts of flowers. This created an image of ghosts belonging to dead flowers, a deathly feel. Alliteration is used when it says dry, frail, faded, and this emphasises deadness and makes it stay in the readers mind. Both poems are written in present tense. Comparing the structure and layout of both the poems; they are both very different. Maple Syrup consists of six stanzas most of which contain enjambment. Enjambment is when the sentence carries on onto the line below giving the effect to the reader of the poem not having a rhythm so the reader doesnt read it with a beat. It also makes the reader read it slower which I think helps the reader to understand. Each stanza in Maple Syrup has a different amount of lines; this means the poet hasnt used a certain pattern because there was no logical way in which he wanted to make the reader read it or say it. The first and second stanza describes the graveyard and gives clues about his past. The third stanza tells the reader about when he visits his grandfathers house and describes it in great detail for example, spinning wheels, pretty boxes, quilts The third stanza also reveals the discovery of maple syrup found in the attic. The fourth stanza is about unfolding the great surprise and memor ies from his past and sharing the moment with his wife. The fifth stanza describes the saphouse. Finally in the sixth stanza he shares the maple syrup with his wife and tastes it for the first time in twenty-five years. In comparison to this, The Flower Press is one continuous stanza. However, each line is also a different length which stops the poem having a rhythm or pattern. The effect of having the structure like this is easy for the reader to read it. I think the reason why the poet has chosen to write the poem in one continuous stanza is because it is set in one location where as, Maple Syrup has been set out in different changes of scene. The tone is very important when studying a poem because it shows what message and mood the poet wanted to get across and create towards the reader. Maple Syrup gives a reflective tone when the man is walking round the graves and it mentions names he is familiar with. However, it also sets a happy tone like the man is thankful because he has his wife or a close friend there with him. Throughout the poem happy memories are reflected which creates a good mood. Comparing The Flower Press with Maple Syrup, The Flower Press gives a very anxious feel to it by using negative words and asking depressing questions. At times in the poem the tone is sombre but the poet also makes the tone feel happy at some points for example at the end when the discovery overall becomes a promising advance for the mother. During the middle of the poem it becomes poignant giving negative comments and then uplifting the mood. Both poems are poignant overall but give off different tones throughout the poem. This gives both poems a large similarity as they both have high spirited endings of which they have shared with a loved one who wasnt present originally. Donald Hall who wrote Maple Syrup wrote the poem wanting the reader to think and get involved with his past. I think Donald Hall wanted us to imagine all the detail he describes such as in the house, the saphouse and the discovery of the maple syrup. He uses all his devices to capture the thought of the reader and for the reader to question the poem in depth. I think he wanted us to remember our childhood and the little things that made us happy and to also share them with loved ones. Penelope Shuttle who wrote The Flower Press also wrote the poem making the reader think in great depth. The Flower Press hides the mothers past by describing it but not telling the reader what actually happened. The poet indicated that the mother had a negative past; this makes the reader think about what it could have been. Both the poems make the reader think but in different ways which is a good way of capturing the readers attention. My thoughts on Maple Syrup are positive. I understand the poem and it makes me think a lot. I like how the poet creates suspense during the third stanza by using a rhetorical question this made me want to read on as I was excited to know what the discovery was. I like the fact that the poem has used enjambment because I have never really come across a poem like this which makes it more interesting and different to read. Out of the two poems, The Flower Press is my favourite. This is mainly because it almost hides a secret in a kind of way because the poet is not telling the reader the basis of the story. Therefore, it makes the reader imagine their own view. I like how the poet has consistently used negative words for description but she also manages to create the feeling of happiness and relief towards the end of the poem. When I first read this poem I didnt like it or understand it but now I have studied it and thought about the meanings of words and phrases I have grasped it and I enjoyed working on it.